{"id":1054,"date":"2020-06-20T15:50:03","date_gmt":"2020-06-20T22:50:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/retirementhangout.com\/?p=1054"},"modified":"2021-08-03T11:35:26","modified_gmt":"2021-08-03T18:35:26","slug":"financial-planning-for-a-disabled-child-part-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/retirementhangout.com\/index.php\/2020\/06\/20\/financial-planning-for-a-disabled-child-part-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"Financial Planning for a Disabled Child, Part II"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Have you planned ahead for the financial well-being of your disabled child? Make sure your loved one doesn&#8217;t have money worries after you&#8217;re gone.  This is the second of two posts on how a family with a disabled child can plan ahead to provide financial security for their loved one.&nbsp; In the first post, I reviewed government programs that can provide vital health coverage and income to those with disabilities.  Read that post <a href=\"https:\/\/retirementhangout.com\/index.php\/2020\/06\/13\/financial-planning-for-families-with-a-disabled-child-part-i\/\"><em>here<\/em>.<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Financial Security for the Long Run<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;As a parent of a child with a disability, one overriding worry I can\u2019t shake is the concern of every parent everywhere: what will happen when I\u2019m no longer around?&nbsp;&nbsp; Family members and anyone else who cares about someone who\u2019s disabled &#8212; be it a physical disability, an intellectual impairment or a mental illness &#8212; should be aware of financial arrangements that can smooth that person\u2019s life now and help to ensure they don\u2019t have money worries after you\u2019re gone.&nbsp; In this post, I\u2019ll go over several saving\/financial planning vehicles that can be extremely valuable for those with disabilities \u2013 Achieving a Better Life Experience (ABLE) accounts and Third Party Special Needs Trusts.&nbsp; If this sounds like something you might need to know about, read on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\"><strong><em>Achieving a Better Life Experience (ABLE) Accounts<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/retirementhangout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/piggy-bank-1.jpg?fit=960%2C662\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1092\" width=\"350\" height=\"263\"\/><figcaption>ABLE accounts &#8212; A way for disabled people to save<br><em>Pigs on Parade, Seattle, WA, 2007<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>A 2014 Federal law has made it possible for disabled persons to establish ABLE accounts, special savings\/investment accounts for people with disabilities.&nbsp; ABLE accounts are modeled on 529 College Savings accounts; they are operated by states, allow limited yearly contributions ($15,000 in 2020), and permit savings to grow tax-free.&nbsp; Importantly, assets up to $100,000 held in an ABLE account will not be considered countable assets for SSI purposes; this allows the disabled account owner to build up some savings without losing her SSI benefit.&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Other benefits: the beneficiary (i.e., the disabled person) determines how money is spent; expenditures are tax-free and do not count as income for SSI purposes so long as they are used for a qualified disability expense (a broadly defined category); and ABLE funds can even be used to pay for living expenses (food and rent) without impacting SSI.&nbsp; Accounts are easy to set up (you do have to attest to a qualifying disability), and anyone can make a contribution.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What are the downsides?&nbsp; ABLE accounts are only available to those whose disability manifested itself prior to age 26.&nbsp; (The logic behind this limitation is not clear to me \u2013 perhaps it has to do with modeling the program on College Savings Plans?)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Annual contributions are limited.&nbsp; And ABLE accounts have a Medicaid payback provision: money left in an ABLE account when a beneficiary dies can be reclaimed by the state to compensate for past Medicaid coverage.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite these caveats, an ABLE account can be a great boon, allowing a disabled person to qualify for valuable government benefits while still maintaining some financial independence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\"><strong><em>Special Needs Trusts<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/retirementhangout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/top-hat-pig.jpg?fit=701%2C1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1093\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\"\/><figcaption>Might make a good trustee?<br><em>Pigs on Parade, Seattle WA, 2007<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Another way to provide for a disabled loved one\u2019s future financial needs is to establish a trust.&nbsp; A <em>Third-Party Special Needs Trust<\/em> is a particularly useful form of trust for this purpose.&nbsp; As the name implies, such a trust is funded by a third party (such as a parent), and is often set up as a \u201ctestamentary trust,\u201d i.e., it is contained in a person\u2019s will and established after death.&nbsp; A Third-Party SNT must be managed by a trustee, who might be a relative or a professional (such as an attorney).&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Because the trust is funded and controlled by third parties, it does not count as an asset for SSI purposes and does not endanger benefits.&nbsp; (It must be managed carefully, however, so that it maintains strict independence from the beneficiary.&nbsp; If the government determines that it is controlled by the disabled beneficiary, the income and\/or assets will be counted as hers and the jig is up.)&nbsp; &nbsp;Unlike an ABLE account, a Third-Party SNT is not subject to Medicaid payback after the beneficiary\u2019s death.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Third-Party SNTs do have some disadvantages.&nbsp; Trusts are legally complex, and you would be well advised to hire an attorney to draft the documents setting one up \u2013 which can run into thousands of dollars.&nbsp; Typically, SNTs are set up as a part of an estate plan; if you\u2019re contemplating setting one up in your own will, make sure you go to an attorney who specializes in this area.&nbsp; Ongoing management of the trust &#8212; including all distributions &#8212; will require expense and\/or time on the part of the trustee and any experts (such as accountants) she hires.&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another potential downside: it may be frustrating to the beneficiary to have no control over a trust established for his benefit (on the other hand, if there\u2019s doubt that the beneficiary&nbsp; would do a good job managing a substantial sum of money, the funder might see this as an advantage).  Also, the Trust is constrained in what expenses it can pay; if the Trust pays for living expenses (food and rent), SSI benefits will be reduced by up to 1\/3.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>ABLE Account, Special Needs Trust \u2013 Or Both?<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>ABLE accounts and Special Needs Trusts each have their advantages and disadvantages.&nbsp; The table below highlights some of the pros and cons of each (potential <em>cons<\/em> are italicized).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-normal-font-size\"><strong>Financial Accounts for the Disabled &#8212; Comparison<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Characteristic<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>ABLE Account<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Third-Party Special Needs Trust<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Most Other Accounts<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Who controls<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Beneficiary <\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Third party<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Varies<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Cost to set up\/maintain<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Minimal<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><em>Substantial<\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Varies<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Setup complexity<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Minimal<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><em>Attorney needed<\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Varies<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Funding Source<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Anyone<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Third party<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Anyone<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Contribution Limit<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><em>$15,000\/yr<\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">No limit<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">No limit<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Account Limit<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><em>$100,000*<\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">No limit<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">No limit<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Spending constraints<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Can pay for most things**<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><em>Can&#8217;t pay for food, rent***<\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">None<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>SSI\/Medicaid impact:<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><em><strong>Account balance<\/strong><\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">None*<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">None<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><em>Over $2,000 disqualfies for SSI<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong style=\"font-style: italic;\">Contributions<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">None<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">None<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><em>Count as  income for SSI<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><em><strong>Expenditures<\/strong><\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">None<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">None***<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><em>May count as SSI income<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Taxation of gains<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Not taxed<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><em>Taxable unless distributed<\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><em>Taxable<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Medicaid payback<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><em>Yes****<\/em><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">No<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">No<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption><em>* ABLE account balances above $100k countable for SSI<br>** Must be used for Qualified Disability Expenses &#8211; includes most things (including food and rent)<br>*** Payments for living expenses reduce SSI benefit by up to 1\/3<br>**** Medicaid may seek &#8220;payback&#8221; for expenses after beneficiary&#8217;s death<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Which one should you choose to create financial security for your disabled loved one?&nbsp; If the disability wasn\u2019t present until age 26 or later, the ABLE account is out.&nbsp; On the other hand, trusts, because of their legal complexity and expense, probably don\u2019t make sense unless you expect to leave significant assets (hundreds of thousands of dollars) at your passing. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If both options seem to be viable, consider establishing both.&nbsp; The two accounts can work well together: the ABLE account provides for some financial independence and allows payments for living expenses, while the Third Party Trust is more appropriate for larger bequests and preserves the assets for future heirs. &nbsp;A Trust can even make contributions to the beneficiary\u2019s ABLE account.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Get Started<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>Providing for the financial security of a child or other loved one with a disability can be a daunting task.&nbsp; But you don\u2019t have to do everything at once; take it a step at a time.&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Step 1 &#8211; Medicaid:<\/em><\/strong> If you live in an expanded Medicaid state, start by applying for Medicaid (or insurance under the ACA, if her income is too high).&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Step 2: SSI\/SSDI:<\/em><\/strong> Does your child have a work record?  Or did he become disabled prior to age 22?  If the answer to either question is yes, he may qualify for SSDI.&nbsp; If no (or the work record is too brief), SSDI is not in the cards, and she\u2019ll probably want to apply for SSI (with your help).&nbsp; If she has savings, you may want to help her set up an ABLE account before applying for SSI.&nbsp; To document that she\u2019s qualified for an ABLE account, request a letter from her doctor clearly stating a diagnosis of her disabling condition. &nbsp;Once the ABLE account is in place, gather your notes and medical records and start the SSI application process.&nbsp; Keep on top of the follow-up steps.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Step 3: Special Needs Trust:<\/em><\/strong> Once you\u2019ve recovered (!) from the SSI process, get some recommendations from people you trust and set up an appointment with an attorney specializing in estate planning for special needs families.&nbsp; This is a good opportunity to bring your estate planning up to snuff; most of us don\u2019t have up-to-date wills, powers of attorney and advance health directives in place.&nbsp; Making estate planning arrangements for your loved one with a disability is a good motivator to do something you should probably do anyway.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Take your time, and keep at it.&nbsp; Once you start getting things in place, your momentum and confidence will build.&nbsp; And when you\u2019ve successfully implemented some or all of these financial planning steps you will have the satisfaction of knowing that you\u2019ve done what you can to provide for the future financial well-being of someone you love.&nbsp; You\u2019ll sleep easier, too.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/retirementhangout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/winged-piggy.jpg?fit=960%2C960\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1094\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/retirementhangout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/winged-piggy.jpg 1712w, https:\/\/retirementhangout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/winged-piggy-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/retirementhangout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/winged-piggy-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/retirementhangout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/winged-piggy-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/retirementhangout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/winged-piggy-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/retirementhangout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/winged-piggy-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/retirementhangout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/winged-piggy-1140x1140.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/retirementhangout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/winged-piggy-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption>Sweet dreams &#8212; your plan is in place!<br><em>Pigs on Parade, Seattle WA, 2007<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/retirementhangout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/colorful-piggy.jpg?fit=846%2C1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1101\" width=\"350\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https:\/\/retirementhangout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/colorful-piggy.jpg 1414w, https:\/\/retirementhangout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/colorful-piggy-248x300.jpg 248w, https:\/\/retirementhangout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/colorful-piggy-846x1024.jpg 846w, https:\/\/retirementhangout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/colorful-piggy-768x930.jpg 768w, https:\/\/retirementhangout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/colorful-piggy-1269x1536.jpg 1269w, https:\/\/retirementhangout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/colorful-piggy-1140x1380.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><figcaption>Dreaming in technicolor!<br><em>Pigs on Parade, Seattle WA, 2007<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>ABLE Accounts<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ablenrc.org\/the-able-case-summary-series\/\">ABLE National Resource Center.&nbsp; (2019). &nbsp;The ABLE Case Summary Series.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/secure.ssa.gov\/apps10\/poms.nsf\/lnx\/0501130740\">Social Security Administration.&nbsp; (2020).&nbsp; SI 01130.740 Achieving a Better Life Experience (ABLE) Accounts, <em>Social Security Program Operations Manual System (POMS)<\/em>.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Special Needs Trusts<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.specialneedsalliance.org\/the-voice\/taxes-and-special-needs-trusts-2\/\">Davis, Lisa Nachmias and O\u2019Sullivan, Shawn.&nbsp; (2010, February).&nbsp; Taxes and Special Needs Trusts, <em>The Voice Newsletter<\/em>.<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kiplinger.com\/article\/retirement\/T021-C000-S004-create-a-plan-for-an-adult-child-with-disabilities.html\">Garland, Susan.&nbsp; (2015, December).&nbsp; Create a Plan for an Adult Child with Disabilities, <em>Kiplinger\u2019s Retirement Report<\/em>.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.specialneedsalliance.org\/the-voice\/developing-an-estate-plan-for-parents-of-children-with-disabilities-a-15step-approach-2\/\">Hanson, Laurie.&nbsp; (2013, May).&nbsp; Developing an Estate Plan for Parents of Children with Disabilities: a 15-Step Approach, <em>The Voice Newsletter.<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/specialneedsanswers.com\/new-retirement-law-changes-special-needs-planning-17544\">Mander, Leila Wardwell.  (2020, Jan 30).  New Retirement Law Changes Special Needs Planning, <em>Special Needs Answers<\/em>.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.specialneedsalliance.org\/the-voice\/your-special-needs-trust-snt-defined-2\/\">O\u2019Hara, Amy C.&nbsp; (2013, January).&nbsp; Your Special Needs Trust (SNT) Defined, <em>The Voice Newsletter<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.protect-your-wealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Taxation-of-SNTs-Part1.pdf\">Sandoval, Dennis, CELA.&nbsp; (2008).&nbsp; Taxation of Special Needs Trust, <em>NAELA (National Academy of Elder Law Attorneys) News<\/em>.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Have you planned ahead for the financial well-being of your disabled child? Make sure your loved one doesn&#8217;t have money worries after you&#8217;re gone. This is the second of two posts on how a family with a disabled child can plan ahead to provide financial security for their loved one.&nbsp; In the first post, I reviewed government programs that can provide vital health coverage and income to those with disabilities. Read that post here.&nbsp; Financial Security for the Long Run &nbsp;As a parent of a child with a disability, one overriding worry I can\u2019t shake is the concern of every parent everywhere: what will happen when I\u2019m no longer around?&nbsp;&nbsp; Family members and anyone else who cares about someone who\u2019s disabled &#8212; be it a physical disability, an intellectual impairment or a mental illness &#8212; should be aware of financial arrangements that can smooth that person\u2019s life now and help to ensure they don\u2019t have money worries after you\u2019re gone.&nbsp; In this post, I\u2019ll go over several saving\/financial planning vehicles that can be extremely valuable for those with disabilities \u2013 Achieving a Better Life Experience (ABLE) accounts and Third Party Special Needs Trusts.&nbsp; If this sounds like something you might need to know about, read on. Achieving a Better Life Experience (ABLE) Accounts A 2014 Federal law has made it possible for disabled persons to establish ABLE accounts, special savings\/investment accounts for people with disabilities.&nbsp; ABLE accounts are modeled on 529 College Savings accounts; they are operated by states, allow limited yearly contributions ($15,000 in 2020), and permit savings to grow tax-free.&nbsp; Importantly, assets up to $100,000 held in an ABLE account will not be considered countable assets for SSI purposes; this allows the disabled account owner to build up some savings without losing her SSI benefit.&nbsp; Other benefits: the beneficiary (i.e., the disabled person) determines how money is spent; expenditures are tax-free and do not count as income for SSI purposes so long as they are used for a qualified disability expense (a broadly defined category); and ABLE funds can even be used to pay for living expenses (food and rent) without impacting SSI.&nbsp; Accounts are easy to set up (you do have to attest to a qualifying disability), and anyone can make a contribution.&nbsp; What are the downsides?&nbsp; ABLE accounts are only available to those whose disability manifested itself prior to age 26.&nbsp; (The logic behind this limitation is not clear to me \u2013 perhaps it has to do with modeling the program on College Savings Plans?)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Annual contributions are limited.&nbsp; And ABLE accounts have a Medicaid payback provision: money left in an ABLE account when a beneficiary dies can be reclaimed by the state to compensate for past Medicaid coverage.&nbsp; Despite these caveats, an ABLE account can be a great boon, allowing a disabled person to qualify for valuable government benefits while still maintaining some financial independence. Special Needs Trusts Another way to provide for a disabled loved one\u2019s future financial needs is to establish a trust.&nbsp; A Third-Party Special Needs Trust is a particularly useful form of trust for this purpose.&nbsp; As the name implies, such a trust is funded by a third party (such as a parent), and is often set up as a \u201ctestamentary trust,\u201d i.e., it is contained in a person\u2019s will and established after death.&nbsp; A Third-Party SNT must be managed by a trustee, who might be a relative or a professional (such as an attorney).&nbsp; Because the trust is funded and controlled by third parties, it does not count as an asset for SSI purposes and does not endanger benefits.&nbsp; (It must be managed carefully, however, so that it maintains strict independence from the beneficiary.&nbsp; If the government determines that it is controlled by the disabled beneficiary, the income and\/or assets will be counted as hers and the jig is up.)&nbsp; &nbsp;Unlike an ABLE account, a Third-Party SNT is not subject to Medicaid payback after the beneficiary\u2019s death.&nbsp; Third-Party SNTs do have some disadvantages.&nbsp; Trusts are legally complex, and you would be well advised to hire an attorney to draft the documents setting one up \u2013 which can run into thousands of dollars.&nbsp; Typically, SNTs are set up as a part of an estate plan; if you\u2019re contemplating setting one up in your own will, make sure you go to an attorney who specializes in this area.&nbsp; Ongoing management of the trust &#8212; including all distributions &#8212; will require expense and\/or time on the part of the trustee and any experts (such as accountants) she hires.&nbsp; Another potential downside: it may be frustrating to the beneficiary to have no control over a trust established for his benefit (on the other hand, if there\u2019s doubt that the beneficiary&nbsp; would do a good job managing a substantial sum of money, the funder might see this as an advantage). Also, the Trust is constrained in what expenses it can pay; if the Trust pays for living expenses (food and rent), SSI benefits will be reduced by up to 1\/3.&nbsp; ABLE Account, Special Needs Trust \u2013 Or Both? ABLE accounts and Special Needs Trusts each have their advantages and disadvantages.&nbsp; The table below highlights some of the pros and cons of each (potential cons are italicized).&nbsp; Financial Accounts for the Disabled &#8212; Comparison Characteristic ABLE Account Third-Party Special Needs Trust Most Other Accounts Who controls Beneficiary Third party Varies Cost to set up\/maintain Minimal Substantial Varies Setup complexity Minimal Attorney needed Varies Funding Source Anyone Third party Anyone Contribution Limit $15,000\/yr No limit No limit Account Limit $100,000* No limit No limit Spending constraints Can pay for most things** Can&#8217;t pay for food, rent*** None SSI\/Medicaid impact: Account balance None* None Over $2,000 disqualfies for SSI Contributions None None Count as income for SSI Expenditures None None*** May count as SSI income Taxation of gains Not taxed Taxable unless distributed Taxable Medicaid payback Yes**** No No * ABLE account balances above $100k countable for SSI** Must be used for Qualified Disability Expenses &#8211; includes most things (including food and rent)*** Payments for living expenses reduce SSI benefit by up to 1\/3**** Medicaid may seek &#8220;payback&#8221; for expenses after beneficiary&#8217;s death Which one should you choose to create financial security for your disabled loved one?&nbsp; If the disability wasn\u2019t present until age 26 or later, the ABLE account is out.&nbsp; On the other hand, trusts, because of their legal complexity and expense, probably don\u2019t make sense unless you expect to leave significant assets (hundreds of thousands of dollars) at your passing. If both options seem to be viable, consider establishing both.&nbsp; The two accounts can work well together: the ABLE account provides for some financial independence and allows payments for living expenses, while the Third Party Trust is more appropriate for larger bequests and preserves the assets for future heirs. &nbsp;A Trust can even make contributions to the beneficiary\u2019s ABLE account.&nbsp; Get Started Providing for the financial security of a child or other loved one with a disability can be a daunting task.&nbsp; But you don\u2019t have to do everything at once; take it a step at a time.&nbsp; Step 1 &#8211; Medicaid: If you live in an expanded Medicaid state, start by applying for Medicaid (or insurance under the ACA, if her income is too high).&nbsp;&nbsp; Step 2: SSI\/SSDI: Does your child have a work record? Or did he become disabled prior to age 22? If the answer to either question is yes, he may qualify for SSDI.&nbsp; If no (or the work record is too brief), SSDI is not in the cards, and she\u2019ll probably want to apply for SSI (with your help).&nbsp; If she has savings, you may want to help her set up an ABLE account before applying for SSI.&nbsp; To document that she\u2019s qualified for an ABLE account, request a letter from her doctor clearly stating a diagnosis of her disabling condition. &nbsp;Once the ABLE account is in place, gather your notes and medical records and start the SSI application process.&nbsp; Keep on top of the follow-up steps.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Step 3: Special Needs Trust: Once you\u2019ve recovered (!) from the SSI process, get some recommendations from people you trust and set up an appointment with an attorney specializing in estate planning for special needs families.&nbsp; This is a good opportunity to bring your estate planning up to snuff; most of us don\u2019t have up-to-date wills, powers of attorney and advance health directives in place.&nbsp; Making estate planning arrangements for your loved one with a disability is a good motivator to do something you should probably do anyway. Take your time, and keep at it.&nbsp; Once you start getting things in place, your momentum and confidence will build.&nbsp; And when you\u2019ve successfully implemented some or all of these financial planning steps you will have the satisfaction of knowing that you\u2019ve done what you can to provide for the future financial well-being of someone you love.&nbsp; You\u2019ll sleep easier, too.&nbsp; References ABLE Accounts ABLE National Resource Center.&nbsp; (2019). &nbsp;The ABLE Case Summary Series. Social Security Administration.&nbsp; (2020).&nbsp; SI 01130.740 Achieving a Better Life Experience (ABLE) Accounts, Social Security Program Operations Manual System (POMS). Special Needs Trusts Davis, Lisa Nachmias and O\u2019Sullivan, Shawn.&nbsp; (2010, February).&nbsp; Taxes and Special Needs Trusts, The Voice Newsletter.&nbsp; Garland, Susan.&nbsp; (2015, December).&nbsp; Create a Plan for an Adult Child with Disabilities, Kiplinger\u2019s Retirement Report. Hanson, Laurie.&nbsp; (2013, May).&nbsp; Developing an Estate Plan for Parents of Children with Disabilities: a 15-Step Approach, The Voice Newsletter. Mander, Leila Wardwell. (2020, Jan 30). New Retirement Law Changes Special Needs Planning, Special Needs Answers. O\u2019Hara, Amy C.&nbsp; (2013, January).&nbsp; Your Special Needs Trust (SNT) Defined, The Voice Newsletter. Sandoval, Dennis, CELA.&nbsp; (2008).&nbsp; Taxation of Special Needs Trust, NAELA (National Academy of Elder Law Attorneys) News.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1092,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[97,93,14,96,98,95,94],"class_list":["post-1054","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-retirement-planning","tag-able-accounts","tag-disability-planning","tag-financial-planning","tag-medicaid","tag-special-needs-trust","tag-ssdi","tag-ssi"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Financial Planning for a Disabled Child, Part II - Retirement Hangout<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Have you planned ahead for the financial well-being of your disabled child? 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